Clinicopathological Pattern Of Salivary Gland Tumors: A Decade’S Experience In Osogbo, Southwest Nigeria
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Abstract
Background: Salivary glands tumors occur worldwide, with substantive disease burden, across all age, sex and regions; however, it is poorly described in sub-Saharan Africa.
Objective: To describe the clinical and histopathologic spectrum of salivary gland tumors in a sub-urban Nigerian tertiary hospital.
Methods: This descriptive and retrospective study was conducted at the UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital (UTH), Osogbo, Nigeria. Patients with salivary gland tumors who had surgical excision and histological diagnosis from 2016 – 2025 were included. Records were retrieved from patient folders, surgical notes, theatre logbooks, and histopathology reports. Structured proforma was used to collect information. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse results.
Result: Of 820 head and neck tumor surgeries, 64 (7.8%) were in salivary gland. The mean age was 40.3 ± 18.4 years. with 35 (54.7%) males, and 29 (45.3%) females. Tumor site locations were parotid gland 31 (48.4%), submandibular 12 (18.8%), palate 8 (12.5%), and oropharynx 7 (10.9%). Benign tumors were 42 (65.6%), i.e., pleomorphic adenomas 39 (60.9%), and Warthin tumors 3 (4.7%). Malignant tumors were 22 (34.4%), mainly as adenoid cystic 13 (20.3%). Wide local excisions were done 41 (64.1%) and parotidectomies 23 (35.9%). General anaesthesia was used in 60 (93.8%), and local anaesthesia in 4 (6.3%). Recurrence was seen in 3 (4.7%).
Conclusion: Benign salivary gland tumors predominate in Nigeria, especially pleomorphic adenoma, while malignant tumors are less frequent. However, the low recurrence rate highlights the role of specialist review, accurate diagnosis and appropriate care to lower the disease burden
1. Lépine C. Tumeurs des glandes salivaires: OMS 2022 et au-delà [Salivary gland tumors: 2022 WHO blue book and beyond]. Ann Pathol. 2024;44(3):175-182. doi:10.1016/j.annpat.2024.02.005.
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