Revitalizing Denture Stomatitis Care: Systematic Insights Into Polyisoprenylated Benzophenones Against Candida
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Abstract
Background: The rising incidence of Candida infections and increasing antifungal resistance highlight the urgent need for novel therapeutic agents and robust assessment methodologies. Polyisoprenylated benzophenones, a class of naturally derived compounds, have shown promising antifungal properties. However, variability in assessment methods complicates comparative analysis and evidence synthesis.
Objective: This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate and synthesize the methodological approaches employed in studies assessing the antifungal efficacy of polyisoprenylated benzophenones against Candida species, following PRISMA guidelines.
Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across major electronic databases (e.g., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) for studies published between January 2020 and March 2026. Eligible studies included in vitro and in vivo investigations reporting on the antifungal activity of polyisoprenylated benzophenones against Candida spp. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by three reviewers. Methodological variables abstracted included part of garcinia kola used in extraction, method of extraction, antifungal approach, and outcome.
Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. The review process adhered to PRISMA 2020 standards.
Results:
The most commonly used part of Garcinia kola for extraction was the seed or fruit. The primary method of antifungal testing was agar diffusion, with most studies assessing efficacy against Candida albicans. Outcomes were typically reported as zones of inhibition or minimal inhibitory concentrations. However, there was considerable heterogeneity in results across the studies reviewed.
Conclusion: This review highlights the diversity and limitations of current methodological approaches for evaluating polyisoprenylated benzophenones’ antifungal efficacy against Candida species. Recommendations for methodological standardization and improved reporting are proposed to enhance future research comparability and clinical translation.
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